Iintsholongwane ze-Avian influenza virus (AIV) liqela leentsholongwane ezosulela iintaka ikakhulu, kodwa zisenokosulela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana.Le ntsholongwane ikholisa ukufumaneka kwiintaka zasendle zasemanzini, ezifana namadada kunye namarhanisi, kodwa inokuchaphazela iintaka ezifuywayo ezifana neenkukhu, amakaka kunye nezagwityi.Intsholongwane inokusasazeka kwimibhobho yokuphefumla kunye neyokwetyisa kwaye ibangele ukugula okuphakathi ukuya kokubi kwiintaka.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka, ezinye zazo ezibangele ukuqhambuka kwezifo kwiintaka nakubantu.Enye yezona ntlobo zaziwayo yi-H5N1, eyaqala ukuchongwa ebantwini ngo-1997 eHong Kong.Ukusukela ngoko, i-H5N1 iye yabangela ukuqhambuka kweentaka nabantu abaninzi e-Asiya, eYurophu nase-Afrika, kwaye ibe noxanduva lokubhubha kwabantu abangamakhulu aliqela.
Phakathi kwe-23 kaDisemba 2022 kunye ne-5 kaJanuwari 2023, akukho matyala amatsha osulelo lwabantu kunye ne-avian influenza A (H5N1) intsholongwane echazwe kwi-WHO kwiNgingqi ye-Western Pacific. Ngomhla we-5 kaJanuwari 2023, i-240 iyonke iimeko zokusuleleka komntu nge-avian influenza Intsholongwane ye-A(H5N1) ibe
ingxelo evela kumazwe amane akuMmandla weWestern Pacific ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2003 (Itheyibhile 1).Kwezi meko, i-135 yayibulala, ibangele izinga lokufa kwemeko (CFR) ye-56%.Icala lokugqibela labikwa livela e-China, kunye nomhla wokuqala we-22 Septemba 2022 kwaye wafa ngo-18 Oktobha 2022. Le yimeko yokuqala ye-avian influenza A (H5N1) echazwe e-China ukususela ngo-2015.
Olunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-avian influenza virus, i-H7N9, yaqala ukuchongwa ebantwini e-China ngo-2013. Njenge-H5N1, i-H7N9 eyona nto yosulela iintaka, kodwa inokubangela ukugula okukhulu ebantwini.Ukusukela oko yafunyanwa, i-H7N9 ibangele uqhambuko oluninzi e-China, okukhokelele kumakhulu osulelo kunye nokufa kwabantu.
Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka yinkxalabo yempilo yabantu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.Okokuqala, intsholongwane inokuguquka kwaye iziqhelanise nemikhosi emitsha, yonyusa umngcipheko wobhubhane.Ukuba uhlobo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka benokosulela ngokulula ukusuka emntwini ukuya emntwini, lunokubangela ukuqhambuka kwezifo kwihlabathi jikelele.Okwesibini, intsholongwane inokubangela ukugula okuqatha nokufa ebantwini.Ngelixa uninzi lweemeko zabantu zentsholongwane ye-avian influenza ziye zancinci okanye zingabonakali, ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane zinokubangela ukugula okunamandla okuphefumla, ukungaphumeleli kwamalungu kunye nokufa.
Uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka ibandakanya indibaniselwano yamanyathelo, kuqukwa ukugadwa kweentaka, ukubulala iintaka ezosulelekileyo kunye nokugonywa kweentaka.Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abasebenza ngeentaka okanye abaphethe imveliso yeenkukhu baziqhelise ucoceko olusemgangathweni, olufana nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo kunye nokunxiba impahla ekhuselayo.
Kwimeko yokuqhambuka kwentsholongwane ye-avian influenza, kubalulekile ukuba amagosa ezempilo karhulumente asebenze ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.Oku kunokubandakanya ukuvalelwa bodwa abantu abosulelekileyo kunye nabafowunelwa abasondeleyo, ukubonelela ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo ezempilo oluntu anjengokuvalwa kwezikolo kunye nokurhoxiswa kweendibano zikawonke-wonke.
Ukuqukumbela, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka sisisongelo esibalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu ngenxa yamandla ayo okubangela ubhubhani wehlabathi kunye nokugula okukhulu ebantwini.Ngelixa iinzame zisenziwa ukunqanda kunye nokulawula ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane, uqwalaselo oluqhubekayo kunye nophando luyimfuneko ukunciphisa umngcipheko wobhubhane kunye nokukhusela impilo yoluntu.
Source:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/365675/AI-20230106.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-15-2023