Ibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic eqhelekileyo yokutya-i-Salmonella

I-Salmonella yiklasi ye-gram-negative enterobacteria kwintsapho ye-Enterobacteriaceae.Ngowe-1880, u-Eberth waqala wafumanisa iSalmonella typhi.Ngowe-1885, iSalmonella yahlukanisa ikholera kwiihagu iSalmonella.Ngo-1988, uGartner wahlukanisa i-Salmonella enteritidis kwizigulana ezine-gastroenteritis.Yaye ngowe-1900, loo klasi yathiywa ngokuba yiSalmonella.

Okwangoku, izehlo zetyhefu ye-Salmonella ziye zasasazwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye izehlo ziyanda unyaka nonyaka.

Iimpawu zePathogenic

I-Salmonella yi-bacterium ye-Gram-negative enentonga emfutshane, ubukhulu bomzimba (0.6 ~ 0.9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μm, zombini iziphelo zingqukuva, ezingenzi i-pods kunye ne-spores ezikhulayo.Nge-flagella, i-Salmonella iyahamba.

Ibhaktiriya ayinazo iimfuno eziphezulu zesondlo, kwaye inkcubeko yokwahlula ihlala isebenzisa indlela yokuchonga amathumbu.

Kumhluzi, i-medium iba yi-turbid kwaye emva koko iyancipha kwi-agar medium emva kwe-24h incubation ukuvelisa amakholoni amancinci amancinci, aphakamileyo, aphakamileyo, ajikelezayo.Jonga iMifanekiso 1-1 kunye ne-1-2.

Umzobo 1-1 Salmonella phantsi kwe-microscope emva kokungcoliswa kweGram

Umzobo 2-3 I-Colony morphology ye-Salmonella kwi-chromogenic medium

Iimpawu ze-Epidemiological

I-Salmonella isasazwe ngokubanzi kwindalo, abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezifana neehagu, iinkomo, amahashe, iigusha, iinkukhu, amadada, amarhanisi, njl.

Imbalwa iSalmonella inemikhosi ekhethiweyo, efana neSalmonella abortus emahasheni, iSalmonella abortus ezinkomeni, neSalmonella abortus kwiigusha eziqhomfa kumahashe, iinkomo, neegusha ngokulandelelanayo;I-Salmonella typhimurium ihlasela iihagu kuphela;enye i-Salmonella ayifuni imikhosi ephakathi, kwaye isasazeka ngokulula phakathi kwezilwanyana nezilwanyana, izilwanyana kunye nabantu, kunye nabantu ngeendlela ezithe ngqo okanye ezingathanga ngqo.

Indlela ephambili yokudluliselwa kweSalmonella yindlela yokugaya, kwaye amaqanda, iinkukhu kunye neemveliso zenyama zizona zithwala i-salmonellosis.

Usulelo lwe-Salmonella kubantu kunye nezilwanyana zinokuthi zingabonakali kunye neebhaktheriya okanye zingabonakalisa njengesifo esibulalayo kunye neempawu zeklinikhi, ezinokuthi zikhulise imeko yesifo, ukwandisa izinga lokufa okanye ukunciphisa imveliso yokuzala kwesilwanyana.

I-pathogenicity ye-Salmonella ixhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo lwe-Salmonella kunye nesimo somzimba somntu odlayo.I-Salmonella cholera yi-pathogenic eninzi kwiihagu, ilandelwa yi-Salmonella typhimurium, kunye nedada le-Salmonella lingaphantsi kwe-pathogenic;abona bantu basemngciphekweni ngabantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo, kwaye nokuba zininzi kakhulu okanye ngaphantsi kweentlobo ze-pathogenic zisenokubangela ityhefu ekutyeni kunye neempawu ezibukhali zeklinikhi.

Iingozi

I-Salmonella yeyona pathogen ibalulekileyo ye-zoonotic kusapho lwe-Enterobacteriaceae kwaye inesona siganeko siphezulu setyhefu yokutya kwebhaktiriya.

AmaZiko oLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintelwa kweZifo abika ukuba i-Salmonella yayijongene ne-33 ye-84 yeziganeko ze-bacterial poisoning foods ezenzeka e-United States kwi-1973, ebonisa inani eliphezulu lokutya okunetyhefu kunye ne-2,045 poisonings.

Ingxelo yonyaka ye-2018 malunga neendlela kunye nemithombo ye-zoonoses epapashwe yi-European Food Safety Authority kunye ne-European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ibonisa ukuba phantse i-1/3 yezifo ezibangelwa kukutya kwi-EU zibangelwa yi-Salmonella kwaye i-salmonellosis iyona yesibini kakhulu. kuxelwe rhoqo usulelo lwesisu somntu kwi-EU (iimeko ezingama-91,857 zixeliwe), emva kokuba i-campylobacteriosis (iimeko ezingama-246,571).Ityhefu yokutya iSalmonella ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-40% yetyhefu yokutya kwebhaktiriya kwamanye amazwe.

Esinye sezona ziganeko zikhulu ehlabathini zokutyhefeka kokutya kwesalmonella senzeka ngowe-1953 xa abantu abangama-7 717 batyhefwa baza abangama-90 bafa eSweden ngenxa yokutya inyama yehagu eneS. typhimurium.

I-Salmonella yoyikeka kakhulu, kwaye kubomi bemihla ngemihla ungalukhusela njani usulelo kwaye ulusasaze?

1.Ukuqinisa ucoceko lokutya kunye nolawulo lwezithako.Thintela inyama, amaqanda, kunye nobisi ekungcoleni ngexesha lokugcinwa.Musa ukuyitya inyama ekrwada, intlanzi namaqanda.Musa ukuyitya inyama yenkukhu egulayo okanye efileyo okanye yezilwanyana zasekhaya.

2. Ekubeni iimpukane, amaphela kunye neempuku zingabalamli bokusasazwa kweSalmonella.Ngoko ke, sifanele senze umsebenzi omhle wokutshabalalisa iimpukane, iimpuku namaphela ukuthintela ukosuleleka kokutya.

3.Shintsha indlela yokutya embi kunye neendlela zokuphila ukuphucula amajoni akho omzimba.