I-Shigella luhlobo lwebhaktheriya yegram-negative ebangela i-shigellosis, uhlobo olubi lwesifo sohudo olunokubeka ubomi esichengeni ukuba alunyangwa.I-Shigellosis yinkxalabo enkulu yempilo yoluntu, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo anogutyulo olulambathayo kunye nezenzo zococeko.
I-pathogenesis ye-Shigella iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibandakanya izinto ezininzi ze-virulence, kubandakanywa ukukwazi kweebhaktheriya ukuhlasela nokuphindaphinda ngaphakathi kwe-epithelium yamathumbu.I-Shigella ikwavelisa iityhefu ezininzi, kuquka i-Shiga toxin kunye ne-lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, enokubangela ukudumba, ukonakala kwezicubu kunye ne-dysentery.
Iimpawu ze-shigellosis ziqala ngokuhambisa isisu, umkhuhlane, kunye neentlungu zesisu.Urhudo lunokuba namanzi okanye lube negazi kwaye lunokukhatshwa yincindi okanye ubovu.Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-shigellosis inokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, kunye nokufa.
Usasazo lwe-Shigella lwenzeka ikakhulu ngendlela ye-fecal-oral, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokutya ukutya okungcolileyo okanye amanzi okanye ukudibana nomphezulu okanye izinto ezingcolileyo.Ibhaktiriya inokusasazeka ngokunxibelelana nomntu, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezixineneyo okanye ezingacocekanga.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, usulelo lwe-Shigella luye lwaqhubeka ukuba ngumngeni omkhulu wezempilo yoluntu kwihlabathi jikelele.UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) waziswa ngomhla we-4 kuFebruwari 2022 ngenani eliphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga leemeko ze-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella sonnei eziye zaxelwa e-United Kingdom nase-Northern Ireland kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi kuMmandla waseYurophu ukususela ngoko. ngasekupheleni kuka-2021. Nangona usulelo oluninzi nge-S. sonnei lukhokelela kwixesha elifutshane lesifo kunye nokufa kwemeko ephantsi, ukunganyangeki kweziyobisi (MDR) kunye ne-XDR shigellosis yinkxalabo yempilo yoluntu njengoko ukhetho lonyango lulinganiselwe kakhulu kwiimeko eziphakathi ukuya kwezinzima.
I-Shigellosis ixhaphakile kumazwe amaninzi anengeniso ephantsi okanye ephakathi (LMICs) kwaye ngoyena nobangela worhudo olunegazi kwihlabathi jikelele.Nyaka ngamnye, kuqikelelwa ukuba kubangele ubuncinci iimeko ze-80 yezigidi zorhudo olunegazi kunye nokufa kwe-700 000.Phantse zonke (99%) usulelo lwe-Shigella lwenzeka kwii-LMICs, kwaye uninzi lwamatyala (~70%), kunye nokufa (~60%), lwenzeka kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-1% yeemeko zinyangwa esibhedlele.
Ukongeza, ukuvela kweentlobo ze-antibiotic-resistant ye-Shigella kuye kwaba yinkxalabo ekhulayo, kunye nemimandla emininzi enika ingxelo yokunyuka kwamazinga okumelana ne-antibiotics eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-shigellosis.Nangona iinzame zokuphucula ucoceko kunye nococeko kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwe-antibiotics kuyaqhubeka, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano kuwo wonke uluntu lwezempilo lwehlabathi lufunekayo ukujongana nosongelo oluqhubekayo lwe-Shigella infections.
Unyango lwe-shigellosis lubandakanya amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa ukuxhathisa kwii-antibiotics ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kuxhaphaka.Ngoko ke, amanyathelo okukhusela, njengokuphucula ucoceko kunye nococeko, ukuqinisekisa ukutya okukhuselekileyo kunye nemithombo yamanzi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwe-antibiotics, kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwe-Shigella kunye nokunciphisa iziganeko ze-shigellosis.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-15-2023